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    <title>How do I? nix</title>
    <subtitle></subtitle>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/"/>
    <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/</id>
    <updated>2026-04-21T19:29:28+00:00</updated>
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    <entry>
        <title>nix:environmentmodules</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:environmentmodules?rev=1571161718&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2019-10-15T12:48:38+00:00</published>
        <updated>2019-10-15T12:48:38+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:environmentmodules?rev=1571161718&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>Environment Modules

'modules' command

It is a shell function used as the client to load and unload provided environments.

Using provided environments

What environments are available?


$ module avail
------------------------------- /etc/environment-modules/modules --------------------------------
clang-llvm/7.0.1 cmake/3.8.0 gcc/6.5.0 rust/1.38.0
clang-llvm/9.0.0 gcc/4.9.4   gcc/7.4.0 swift/5.0.1
cmake/3.1.1      gcc/5.5.0   gcc/8.3.0</content>
        <summary>Environment Modules

'modules' command

It is a shell function used as the client to load and unload provided environments.

Using provided environments

What environments are available?


$ module avail
------------------------------- /etc/environment-modules/modules --------------------------------
clang-llvm/7.0.1 cmake/3.8.0 gcc/6.5.0 rust/1.38.0
clang-llvm/9.0.0 gcc/4.9.4   gcc/7.4.0 swift/5.0.1
cmake/3.1.1      gcc/5.5.0   gcc/8.3.0</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:gcc</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:gcc?rev=1611167113&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2021-01-20T12:25:13+00:00</published>
        <updated>2021-01-20T12:25:13+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:gcc?rev=1611167113&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>GCC

GCC Versions that are already installed on CS infrastructure

Usually, we install multiple versions. The default version of GCC probably won't be changed system wide... ever.

We are now taking more advantage of environment modules. This means depending on when you read this you could load the version of GCC you want to use.</content>
        <summary>GCC

GCC Versions that are already installed on CS infrastructure

Usually, we install multiple versions. The default version of GCC probably won't be changed system wide... ever.

We are now taking more advantage of environment modules. This means depending on when you read this you could load the version of GCC you want to use.</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:general</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:general?rev=1653334917&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2022-05-23T14:41:57+00:00</published>
        <updated>2022-05-23T14:41:57+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:general?rev=1653334917&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>General

This page will contain links to various guides found online. Please feel free to add to this list when appropriate.

	*  The Missing Semester of Your CS Education
	*  &lt;http://www.oliverelliott.org/article/computing/tut_unix&gt;
	*  &lt;https://software.rc.fas.harvard.edu/training/intro_unix/latest&gt;
	*  GOTO 2019: Mastering the Linux Command Line - Bert Jan Schrijver

CSIL Mini Courses

Take a look at the Unix courses provided CSIL. 

Making a Bootable USB

By special request: instructions for…</content>
        <summary>General

This page will contain links to various guides found online. Please feel free to add to this list when appropriate.

	*  The Missing Semester of Your CS Education
	*  &lt;http://www.oliverelliott.org/article/computing/tut_unix&gt;
	*  &lt;https://software.rc.fas.harvard.edu/training/intro_unix/latest&gt;
	*  GOTO 2019: Mastering the Linux Command Line - Bert Jan Schrijver

CSIL Mini Courses

Take a look at the Unix courses provided CSIL. 

Making a Bootable USB

By special request: instructions for…</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:mutt</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:mutt?rev=1616087682&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2021-03-18T12:14:42+00:00</published>
        <updated>2021-03-18T12:14:42+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:mutt?rev=1616087682&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>Using Mutt with Microsoft Cloud

If you're using CS email, this is not the right place to be. Get yourself configured using our  Mail Client Guide.

If you would like to connect Mutt to Microsoft Office 365, keep reading. This tip is provided in the hopes that it will be useful. IT Services does not share in administration nor information and planning about their services with Techstaff, and we have no special access to their environment.</content>
        <summary>Using Mutt with Microsoft Cloud

If you're using CS email, this is not the right place to be. Get yourself configured using our  Mail Client Guide.

If you would like to connect Mutt to Microsoft Office 365, keep reading. This tip is provided in the hopes that it will be useful. IT Services does not share in administration nor information and planning about their services with Techstaff, and we have no special access to their environment.</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:pathvars</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:pathvars?rev=1578348013&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2020-01-06T16:00:13+00:00</published>
        <updated>2020-01-06T16:00:13+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:pathvars?rev=1578348013&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>PATH Variables

I'm not sure how one first gets exposed to path variables, only that it can be confusing at first glance. This document tries to remedy that without going into the history of everything.

The linux file system

What you need to know:</content>
        <summary>PATH Variables

I'm not sure how one first gets exposed to path variables, only that it can be confusing at first glance. This document tries to remedy that without going into the history of everything.

The linux file system

What you need to know:</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:permissions</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:permissions?rev=1505513010&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2017-09-15T17:03:30+00:00</published>
        <updated>2017-09-15T17:03:30+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:permissions?rev=1505513010&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>Permissions

Read this first.

Securing a directory

You're here because you heard that this would a good idea. There are going to be many ways to ensure a directory is 'secure', but that will depend on your requirements.

I will assume that you are the only person that will need access to said directory. I also will not try to explain unix permissions to you. If you want to know more I suggest you read the link at the top of this page. Follow along below to create a directory that only you will…</content>
        <summary>Permissions

Read this first.

Securing a directory

You're here because you heard that this would a good idea. There are going to be many ways to ensure a directory is 'secure', but that will depend on your requirements.

I will assume that you are the only person that will need access to said directory. I also will not try to explain unix permissions to you. If you want to know more I suggest you read the link at the top of this page. Follow along below to create a directory that only you will…</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:proxy</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:proxy?rev=1611071560&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2021-01-19T09:52:40+00:00</published>
        <updated>2021-01-19T09:52:40+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:proxy?rev=1611071560&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>Proxy

Sometimes you will be on a machine without access to the internet and you need to get a file downloaded. You could first download the file somewhere else and then transfer it to the machine on the private network. This get tedious... hence the reason for this article.</content>
        <summary>Proxy

Sometimes you will be on a machine without access to the internet and you need to get a file downloaded. You could first download the file somewhere else and then transfer it to the machine on the private network. This get tedious... hence the reason for this article.</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:ssh_fingerprints</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:ssh_fingerprints?rev=1530896352&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2018-07-06T11:59:12+00:00</published>
        <updated>2018-07-06T11:59:12+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:ssh_fingerprints?rev=1530896352&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>SSH Fingerprinting

Did you receive a message from SSH saying &quot;it is possible that someone is doing something nasty?&quot;  Wondering what's going on?

Each time you use SSH to connect to a remote server, your computer verifies that server's identity.  The purpose of this check is to ensure that no one is impersonating that server and could potentially intercept sensitive info.  (e.g. Criminals could potentially do something like run a free WiFi network that intercepts everyone's connections and atte…</content>
        <summary>SSH Fingerprinting

Did you receive a message from SSH saying &quot;it is possible that someone is doing something nasty?&quot;  Wondering what's going on?

Each time you use SSH to connect to a remote server, your computer verifies that server's identity.  The purpose of this check is to ensure that no one is impersonating that server and could potentially intercept sensitive info.  (e.g. Criminals could potentially do something like run a free WiFi network that intercepts everyone's connections and atte…</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:swift</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:swift?rev=1561560604&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2019-06-26T09:50:04+00:00</published>
        <updated>2019-06-26T09:50:04+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:swift?rev=1561560604&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>Swift

You can use the Swift language by loading the correct settings via an environment module.


$ module load swift/5.0.1


We can see swift is now in the PATH


$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/swift/5.0.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games</content>
        <summary>Swift

You can use the Swift language by loading the correct settings via an environment module.


$ module load swift/5.0.1


We can see swift is now in the PATH


$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/swift/5.0.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games</summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>nix:ubuntu</title>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:ubuntu?rev=1493822451&amp;do=diff"/>
        <published>2017-05-03T09:40:51+00:00</published>
        <updated>2017-05-03T09:40:51+00:00</updated>
        <id>https://howto.cs.uchicago.edu/nix:ubuntu?rev=1493822451&amp;do=diff</id>
        <author>
            <name>Anonymous</name>
            <email>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com</email>
        </author>
        <category  term="nix" />
        <content>Ubuntu

Small tips to hopefully make your life easier. Anything in a code block should be run on the command line.

Is package 'x' installed?


$ dpkg -l | grep gnome-terminal
ii  gnome-terminal       3.6.2-0ubuntu1     amd64     GNOME terminal emulator application
ii  gnome-terminal-data  3.6.2-0ubuntu1     all       Data files for the GNOME terminal emulator</content>
        <summary>Ubuntu

Small tips to hopefully make your life easier. Anything in a code block should be run on the command line.

Is package 'x' installed?


$ dpkg -l | grep gnome-terminal
ii  gnome-terminal       3.6.2-0ubuntu1     amd64     GNOME terminal emulator application
ii  gnome-terminal-data  3.6.2-0ubuntu1     all       Data files for the GNOME terminal emulator</summary>
    </entry>
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